By sport
Cycling Training Zones
Power is king. Anchor zones to FTP from a 20-minute test, then verify with heart rate. Coggan's 7-zone model is the standard.
Max Heart Rate Calculator
Your maximum heart rate is the highest your heart can beat at all-out effort. Age formulas estimate it: Tanaka gives 208 − 0.7 × age, while the classic 220 − age runs high. At age 35 that is roughly 184 and 185 bpm, but the real value varies by ±10–12 bpm, so test it to be sure.
Heart Rate Zone Calculator
Your heart-rate zones are percentages of your maximum heart rate: Zone 1 is 50–60%, Zone 2 60–70%, Zone 3 70–80%, Zone 4 80–90% and Zone 5 90–100%. At a max of 185 bpm, Zone 2, the key aerobic-base zone, runs about 111–130 bpm. Spend most easy training in Zones 1–2.
Karvonen Heart Rate Reserve Calculator
The Karvonen formula sets zones from your heart-rate reserve: maximum minus resting heart rate. Target = intensity% × (HRmax − RHR) + RHR. With a max of 185 and resting of 50 bpm (reserve 135), 70% gives 0.70 × 135 + 50 ≈ 145 bpm. Because it uses your resting heart rate, it tailors zones to your fitness.
Friel LTHR Heart Rate Zone Calculator
Joe Friel's heart-rate zones anchor to your lactate-threshold heart rate (LTHR), not an age-estimated maximum. It is a 5-zone model where Zone 5 splits into 5a, 5b and 5c, so it is usually shown as 7 zones. Threshold (Zone 4) sits at 94–99% of LTHR for cycling, 95–99% for running. Find LTHR from the final 20 minutes of a 30-minute time trial.
FTP Calculator & Cycling Power Zones
Functional Threshold Power (FTP) is the highest power you can hold for about an hour. The Coggan model sets seven zones from it: Endurance (Z2) is 56–75% FTP and Threshold (Z4) is 91–105%. At an FTP of 250 W, Z2 is 140–188 W, Z4 is 228–263 W, and Sweet Spot is 220–235 W.
Critical Power Calculator (CP & W′)
Critical Power (CP) is the asymptote of the power–duration curve, the highest power you can sustain almost indefinitely. From two maximal efforts, CP = (P1·t1 − P2·t2) ÷ (t1 − t2) and W′ = (P1 − CP)·t1. A 300 W 3-minute and 250 W 10-minute effort give CP ≈ 229 W with W′ of about 12.9 kJ.
Daily Calorie Calculator
Your daily calorie need is your basal metabolic rate (BMR) multiplied by an activity factor, giving total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). A 35-year-old man, 70 kg and 175 cm, has a BMR near 1,624 kcal; training at a moderate level (factor 1.55), that's about 2,517 kcal a day to maintain weight.
Carbohydrate Intake Calculator
Fuel by duration. Under an hour, water is usually enough (0 g/h). From 1 to 2.5 hours, aim for about 60 g of carbohydrate per hour from a single source. Beyond 2.5 hours, you can absorb up to 90 g/h using a glucose-to-fructose mix near 2:1. A 2-hour session needs roughly 120 g total.
Sweat Rate Calculator
Your sweat rate is the fluid you lose per hour of exercise. Weigh yourself before and after a session, add any fluid you drank, and divide by the time. Lose 1 kg in an hour while drinking 500 ml and your sweat rate is 1.5 L/h. On long efforts, replace roughly 100% to 150% of it.
VO2max Estimator
VO2max is the most oxygen your body can use per minute, the ceiling on your aerobic fitness. The 12-minute Cooper test estimates it from distance: VO2max = (meters - 504.9) / 44.73. Run 2,400 meters and you score about 42 ml/kg/min, a recreationally active level. A lab test is more exact, but this gets you close.
BMI Calculator
BMI is your weight in kilograms divided by your height in meters squared. At 70 kg and 175 cm your BMI is 22.9, inside the healthy range of 18.5 to 24.9. It's a fast population screen, but it counts muscle as mass, so lean, muscular athletes often read high without carrying excess fat.